Christiaan H. Vinkers and Berend Olivier
Abstract
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ãäžæ¹ãα5ãµããŠããããå«ãGABA Aå容äœã¯ãåŠç¿ãšèšæ¶ã«é¢äžããŠããããã§ãã[25ã26]
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ããã ããTPA023ã¯Î±2ããã³Î±3ã®æå¹æ§ãäœãããã«åŒ·åããã³é¢è±ãåŒãèµ·ãããªãã®ãããããªãããããè£ä»ããäºå®ãšããŠãL-838,417ã¯Î±1ãµãã¿ã€ãã«å¯Ÿããæå¹æ§ãæ¬ ããŠããã«ãããããããç¶ç¶çãªèªå·±æäžã«ã€ãªãã£ãŠãã[30]
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ããã®çºèŠã®é©ãã¹ãããšã¯ãα5ãµããŠããããèæ§åœ¢æã«é¢äžããŠããå¯èœæ§ã¯ããããè¬ç©ã®åŒ·åã«ã¯é¢äžããŠãªãããããšããããšã§ãããçµè«ãšããŠã¯ããã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³äŸåçã®å®çŸ©ã«äž¡æ¹ãšãå«ããšããŠãã身äœäŸåïŒã®ããã»ã¹ïŒãšä¹±çšïŒã®ããã»ã¹ïŒã¯ãããããç¬ç«ããŠæ±ãã¹ãã§ããã
2.3. GABA Metabolism
ãã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã¯GABAã®æå¶å¹æãé«ããGABAã®æ¿åºŠ-åå¿æ²ç·ãå·Šã«ã·ãããããããã·ããã¹ã«ãããGABAæ¿åºŠã¯ãã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã®æå¹æ§ã«åœ±é¿ãäžãããGABAã¯ã现èå
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µçŽ ã§ãããã°ã«ã¿ãã³é
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ãåèšåºè©Šéšã§ã¯ãå¬ç é®éäœçšãžã®èæ§ãããªãæ¥éã«èµ·ãããæããããäœçšãžã®èæ§ãããã«ç¶ããæäžå®äœçšãžã®èæ§ã¯èµ·ããªããéšåçã§ããããšã瀺ãããŠããïŒ[34â 36]
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3.1. Clinical Studies on Sedative and Hypnotic Tolerance
äœçšéã®ãã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³èº«äœäŸåçã®è¢«éšè
ã察象ãšããç 究ã«ãããŠãã¬ã ç¡ç æå¶ãäŸç¶ãšããŠçºçããŠãããã®ã®ãè¬ã®åæžæãšã¯ç¡é¢ä¿ã«å¬ç äœçšã倱ãããããšã瀺ããã[37]
ããŸããä»ã®ç 究ã§ã¯ãæ
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ãããã«ããã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³èªçºæ§ã®åå¿é床äœäžã«å¯Ÿããèæ§ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã©ãŸã©ã æ²»çã®10æ¥åŸã«ã¯çŸãã[41]
ãçæéäœçšåãã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã§ããããªã¢ãŸã©ã ã®çµå£æäžã¯ãæåã¯ç¡ç å°å
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ãéèŠãªããšã§ããããçæéäœçšåãã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã§ããããªã¢ãŸã©ã ãšãããŸã©ã ã7æ¥é䜿çšåŸãæ©æèŠéãèããæªåããã®ã«[43]
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ãåæžæãæ¯èŒçé·ããã«ã©ãŒãã ã¯ãé·æé䜿çšãããšæ¥äžã®ç æ°ãæžå°ããããäžæéãšé·æéïŒ4é±é以äžïŒäœ¿çšã«ãããŠç¡ç å°å
¥ãšæç¶ã«å¹æçã§ããç¶ãã[47]
ããã®ããã«ãã»ãšãã©ã®ç 究ã«ãããŠãé®éå¹æã«å¯Ÿããèæ§ã¯ããã«åºçŸããã®ã§ããããããã¯åæžæãçããã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã§é¡èã§ããããã«æããããã€ãŸããèæ§ã¯ãã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã®åæžæã«ãããšãããããããã ãããããªãããçæéäœçšåè¬ç©ããªã¢ãŸã©ã ã§ã¯ããã«èæ§ãã€ããããããªããçæéäœçšåã®ãããŸã©ã ãšãŸã«ããã ã§ã¯ãã»ãã®ãããã«ãããã被éšè
ã®èæ§ãçŸããªãã£ãããããã®èª¬ïŒèš³æ³šïŒåæžæãçããã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã§èæ§ãã€ãããããšãã説ïŒã¯é床ã«äžè¬åãããèªèã ãšããã[48]
ããããã®ç 究ã®éçã¯æé²æéãçãããšã«ãããåé¡ã®ãã1ã€ã¯ãé·æ䜿çšã«ãããŠç¡ç ã®æ¹åãã¿ããããšãã確ãããšããã³ã¹ããªãããšã§ãã[49]
ããããããã¯ãèæ§ãã€ããããããšããã ãã§ã¯ãªããåã«æå¹æ§ã®åé¡ãããããªãããã®è£ä»ããšããŠããã被éšè
ã§ã¯ããã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ãäžæ¢ããŠããæ倧52é±éãŸã§ãã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ãæçšãç¶ããã°ã«ãŒããšæ¯èŒããŠãç¡ç ã®è³ªãäœäžãããããšã¯ãªãã£ãã[50]
ããããç¡ç ã®è³ªãšåŸæ³¢ç¡ç ãããåäžãããŠãã[51]
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3.2. Clinical Studies on Anticonvulsant Tolerance
ãŠããããžã®ãã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³é·æ䜿çšã¯ãèæ§ãã€ãããå¶éãããŠãã[52]
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ã®30ã50ïŒ
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ã§ã®ã¿ãåŠæ¹ãããããã ããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯é æã瀺ãããããšããããé æã§èæ§åœ¢æããã確çãäœäžããã ãã[57]
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ãçµå±ãç§ãã¡ã®ç¥ãéãããã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã¯æããããäœçšã«ã€ããŠïŒç¶ç¶ããïŒè©ŠéšããããŠãããããŠãããæ£è
ã«ãããŠãèæ§èªçºå¹æã«é¢ãã確åºããçµè«ã«ã¯è³ã£ãŠããªãã
3.3. Clinical Studies on Amnesic Tolerance
ã»ãšãã©ã®ç 究ã§ãæ
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ã«ãã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ãæ¥æ§æäžããŠããçæèšæ¶é害ãã¿ãããããšãããã£ãŠãã[38ã39ã61]
ããŸããã¢ã«ãã©ãŸã©ã ã®èšæ¶é害å¹æã«å¯Ÿããèæ§ã¯ã10æ¥éã®æ¥æ§æ²»çäžã«ã¯èŠãããªã[41]
ãããããã¢ã«ãã©ãŸã©ã æ
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ãäž»ãªæžå¿µãšããŠããã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³äœ¿çšã«é¢é£ããèšæ¶åªå€±ããæ²»çãäžæ¢ããåŸã§ãæç¶ããå¯èœæ§ãããããšã ã[62ã63]
ããã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³äžæ¢åŸã«ãæ
å ±åŠçã®é床ãšç²ŸåºŠã®åäžãåå¿æéãšäœæ¥èšæ¶ã®æ¹åãšãã£ãèªç¥æ©èœã®æ¹åã瀺ãããç 究ããã[50ã64â66]
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3.4. Clinical Studies on Anxiolytic Tolerance
ä»®ã«æäžå®äœçšãšå¬ç äœçšã®äž¡æ¹ãšãèæ§ãã€ããšããããæäžå®äœçšã«å¯Ÿããèæ§ã¯å¬ç äœçšã«å¯Ÿããèæ§ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠãã£ãããšåœ¢æãããããã§ããããããã¯é害æ£è
ã§ã¯ã8é±éã®ã¢ã«ãã©ãŸã©ã æ²»çåŸã«æäžå®è¬èæ§ãæäžéå¢å ã芳å¯ãããã«æå¹æ§ãç¶ç¶ããŠãã[67]
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ãšæ¯èŒããŠãã³ã«ããŸãŒã«ã®å¿çæ§ãæäžå®è¬ã®æå¹æ§ã«éãã¯èŠãããªãã£ãã[40]ã
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ãããã«ãè¿œéããç 究ã¯ãã¹ãŠããããã¯é害[69â72]
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ã«å¯ŸããŠç¶ç¶çãªæäžå®äœçšã瀺ããŠããããã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã®é·æ䜿çšåŸã®æäžå®å¹æã®äœäžãæ確ã«ç¢ºèªã§ããªããªããããèšæ¶é害ãäºæ
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¢æ§äœ¿çšãããããšã¯æ¢ããæ¹ãè¯ãã ãã[7 ã77]
ãçµè«ãšããŠã¯ãæ¢åã®æç®ããã¯ãããã§ã®ãã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã®æ
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3.5. Clinical Studies on Drug Reinforcement Tolerance
ãã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã®è¬ç©åŒ·åå¹æã«å¯Ÿããèæ§ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãLicataãšRowlettã«ãã£ãŠãã§ã«è°è«ãããŠãã[9]
ã圌ãã«ãããšããã³ãŸãžã¢ãŒãã³ã®è¬ç©åŒ·åå¹æã«å¯Ÿããèæ§ã¯ããããããªããšçµè«ä»ããŠããããã®çµè«ã¯ããããŸã©ã ãšãŸã«ããã ãç¶ç¶å©çšå¯èœã«ããç°å¢ã§ãéããéé·é¡ãèªå·±æ³šå°ãç¶ããåæã«èº«äœäŸåã瀺ããç 究ã«ãã£ãŠè£ä»ããããŠãã[78ã79]
ãããã®å Žåãè¬ç©åŒ·åã«å¯Ÿããèæ§ã¯ãèæ§ãšäŸåã®æªåŸªç°ãµã€ã¯ã«ãç¶æããããã®çšéå¢å ã«ã€ãªããå¯èœæ§ããããèšåºã§ã¯ãã»ãšãã©ã®æ£è
ã¯çšéãå¢ããããè¬ç©åŒ·åèæ§ãåºçŸããŠããªã[80]
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3.6. Conclusion
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4.1. General
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4.4.4. Conclusion
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